What are the steelmaking equipment included?

2023-12-15 13:25:07

Steel making equipment refers to equipment used to heat raw materials such as pig iron or scrap steel to high temperatures and undergo chemical reactions under corresponding conditions, in order to convert them into alloy materials suitable for steel manufacturing. Steel making equipment usually includes multiple parts such as smelting furnaces, converters, electric furnaces, and continuous casting machines.

The smelting furnace is the core part of steelmaking equipment, used for smelting and processing raw materials. Common smelting furnaces include blast furnaces, tunnel furnaces, electric arc furnaces, etc. Among them, blast furnace is the most common and important type of smelting furnace. A blast furnace is a large-scale smelting equipment that resembles a tall cylindrical building in shape. There are several parts inside the blast furnace, including the hearth, bosh, throat, and waist. Raw materials and fuel are fed into the blast furnace through the throat, and after high-temperature combustion reactions, molten pig iron and slag are obtained.

A converter is another common steelmaking equipment that uses gas or other fuels to heat pig iron, melt it, and react with oxygen to obtain molten steel. The converter has two main parts, namely the converter body and the tilting mechanism. The converter body is a large horizontal cylindrical container covered with refractory lining material, used for loading and processing raw materials. The tilting mechanism is responsible for tilting the furnace body, thereby pouring out the molten steel inside the furnace.

Electric furnace is a steelmaking equipment that uses electricity as energy source, with advantages such as high efficiency and flexibility. Common electric furnaces include electric arc furnaces, induction furnaces, etc. An electric arc furnace converts electrical energy into thermal energy through arc discharge, causing the raw materials to melt and react with the air or oxygen between the arcs. Induction furnaces use the principle of electromagnetic induction to melt raw materials by applying high-frequency electromagnetic fields.

A continuous casting machine is an equipment used to inject molten steel into a mold, thereby obtaining continuous casting of steel billets. Continuous casting machines are usually composed of crystallizers, molds, traction units, and other components. The crystallizer is the most important part of the continuous casting machine, and its function is to gradually solidify the flowing molten steel during the cooling process and form billets. The mold is responsible for forming the shape of the steel billet and can be adjusted as needed. The traction unit is used to continuously pull the steel billet out of the crystallizer and cut and cool it through a series of auxiliary equipment, ultimately obtaining the steel billet that meets the requirements.

In addition to the common steelmaking equipment mentioned above, some auxiliary equipment is also indispensable. For example, dust removal equipment is used to collect and treat dust and gases generated during the smelting process to reduce environmental pollution; Waste residue treatment equipment is used to treat the waste residue generated during the smelting process, so that it can be safely disposed of or recycled; Temperature measuring equipment is used to measure and control the temperature of various stages to ensure the stability and rationality of the steelmaking process.

In short, steelmaking equipment is a combination of various equipment, including core equipment such as smelting furnaces, converters, electric furnaces, continuous casting machines, as well as a series of auxiliary equipment. These devices achieve the process of converting raw materials such as pig iron or scrap steel into alloy materials suitable for steel manufacturing through different principles and processes. The use and improvement of steelmaking equipment are of great significance for the development of the steel industry and the improvement of production efficiency.